Democratic Education Essay

Democratic Education should be a mainstream style of teaching, and should be taught specifically to anyone aspiring to become any type of successful instructor. Everywhere you go the world is constantly changing, people adapt, time ticks away, and the days come and go, every waking moment is progression to the future. Why is the one thing that we as a society depend on for survival going backwards? Our education system and the way we educate children is the only tool we as a society use to ensure our existence, think of the world as a well oiled machine. If you neglect certain parts, yes maybe it will keep working for a short while. Eventually the machine will fall apart because of the mistreating and lack of or poor maintenance, if we keep neglecting our education system by turning a blind eye to the type of educators we give teaching credentials to or the way our current teachers or professors are instruction our future, then our existence is headed for an abrupt halt. Schools need to embrace interesting, interactive-learning environments throughout the curriculum. â€Å"If you do not want to do something, you will not, period.† This thought means if someone is in a place that does not at least entertain the senses, let alone stimulate the mind then why even waste the time to just be physically be present? By doing that it wastes money, and more importantly the teacher and the students time. Democratic education as a teaching style is based on â€Å"affirmative authority without disrespect of freedom†; Democratic Education, by bell hooks. Authoritative guidance with inspiring, limitless, encouragement should be the goal of every type of educational course offered in the United States. We need to input this style of teaching into our aspiring teachers required classes to graduate at any institution or university across the country. We need democratic education because this type of teaching inspires the students, just because someone passes a test or any kind of written exam does not determine someones intelligence. The definition of the term intelligence, according to www.google.com, means the ability to acquire and apply knowledge and skills. This applies to institutions and their instructors because if a pupil is not taught how to apply these skills he or she has been taught how does this apply to the fast-pace times that we live in today? The answer is, it does not. Democratic education benefits the entire classroom rather than just a select few because of the more upbeat style of teaching. The beauty of democratic education is that it can also be incorporated with the old style of a more text-geared curriculum as well. It has the potential to improve teaching as a profession because it would lengthen the required courses to become a teacher, therefore narrowing the number of instructors produced. With that being said, the teaching salaries can improve because of the new demand for this productive style of teaching that K-12 schools would require the employed instructors to have completed during their college career(s). Our future generations upbringing needs to be updated according to the new age that we live in today. Democratic education needs to be a mainstream style of teaching, not for our benefit, but for the future of the precious world that you and I share. This is not a type of thing to be organized and implemented to help certain individuals succeed but for everyone, we need to teach our children that as a country we are a collective, and as individuals we are our own. Democratic education be used as another tool to help us educate the country and create a more successful tomorrow.

Pttls Level 3 Assessment 4

HABC LEVEL 3 PTLLS Assessment 4 By Andrew Townsend 28 December 2011 HABC LEVEL 3 PTLLS Assessment 4 Townsend 1 Explain the three main types of assessments used and fully explain how you conduct, or could conduct, an initial assessment of learners. The three main types of assessment are Initial, Formative and Summative Assessments. Each form of assessment is equally important each serving a differing purpose and each used in differing ways. The Initial assessment is the means in which to gather information about the learners and to not only assess their ability to complete the course that they are taking part in, but to enable the teacher to plan the structure of the sessions required. It also assists the Teacher to decide the pace and pitch of the sessions as well as the choice of resources to use to gain the best out of the Learner. The method most commonly used is the Pre-course Application Form / Questionnaire. This enables the teacher to assess the learner’s standard of written English and understanding. It also enables them to asses previous academic experience, in terms of qualifications already attained and will also tell the teacher when the learner was last in an educational environment. The Application form / Questionnaire can also be backed up by a telephone call. This would enable the teacher to assess the learner’s spoken communication skills. The information collected during the initial assessment should allow the learner to: †¢Be placed on an appropriate pre-vocational or vocational learning programme which matches their skills, knowledge and abilities. Work towards a level of qualification which is appropriate to their level of skills, knowledge and ability. †¢Be placed in work in an appropriate occupational area, where this is relevant to the learning programme. †¢Have all their learning and support needs identified, to enable a comprehensive individual learning plan to be designed. (Department for Education and Employment Good Practice Series †˜Initial Assessment of Learning and Support Needs and Planning Learning to Meet Needs May 2001 p10). ‘The formative assessment is a continuous method of assessment that is conducted throughout the course of tuition. (Morley and Wordsworth. PTLLS made easier. Nov 2010 p92). As a session progresses, the teacher must be able to assess that the learners have understood what they have been taught at each stage. Without continual assessment there is no way of judging whether the learners are able to move on to the next stage. The assessments can be conducted using various means such as oral question and answers, multiple choice questions or group tasks or exercises. The assessments used will enable the teacher to make an informed decision whether or not to carry on, or to re-teach and confirm as required. Often the size of the group will govern the methods that the teacher adopts to carry out formative assessment. The use of question and answers often takes time, particularly if asking each and every learner either one or two questions. In this situation it would be easier and more productive to introduce multi-choice questioning in the form of a game. For example issue each learner with a set of cards labelled A, B C and D. When a question is asked each student can HABC LEVEL 3 PTLLS Assessment 4 Townsend 2 then respond accordingly with what they consider to be the correct answer. This enables the teacher to examine all students at the same time, as well as being able to correct, if necessary the learners that have given the wrong answer. In the practical scenario formative assessment enables the learner to practice what they have learned without the pressure of a formal examination and if errors are made, then they can be rectified during the session. If several of the learners are making the same error, it enables the teacher to re-teach as required. ‘A summative assessment is a final confirmation assessment that is conducted at the end of the session or course. This type of assessment assesses all aspects of the teaching and normally, for a theory session, takes the form of a written examination. ’ (Morley and Wordsworth. PTLLS made easier. Nov 2010 p93). This enables the teacher to ask questions about the entire course in a logical order and being a written examination, once it is marked, it can be graded then filed and stored as a record of the learners progression. When used following a practical session the formative assessment would take the form of the learner carrying out the newly taught skill from beginning to end, under examination conditions without interference from the teacher. I would use a pre-course application form in order to conduct an initial assessment of learners. A well thought out and written application form would enable me to gain vital information about the learner and plan the course of study to best utilise their potential. The application form would enable me to collect the following vital information about the learner: Career preferences and suitability. Qualifications and achievements. Aptitude and potential. Prior learning and experience. Basic skill needs. Key skill needs. Learning difficulties. Interests. Learning style. Job role. Personal effectiveness. Personal circumstances which may affect learning. (Department for Education and Employment Good Practice Series ‘Initial Assessment of Learning and Support Needs and Planning Learning to Meet Needs May 2001 p39). Explain how you utilise assessment methods. Prior to any course of study I would send out a pre-course application form to all learners in order to gain as much information as possible to enable me to plan the course of study accordingly. The responses received would enable me to ensure that the learning was set at the right level for each learner to gain as much as possible from the learning and enable them to reach their individual learning goals. HABC LEVEL 3 PTLLS Assessment 4 Townsend 3 As the training progressed I would utilise formative assessment throughout the learning process. E. g. Having taught a practical element of the course, such as CPR, it is very important to make sure that the learner is able to carry out the procedures correctly. It enables me as the teacher to see whether the teaching method used is working or whether changes may be required. I would also employ formative assessment in the form of Questions and Answers or maybe even games to not only help me assess the effectiveness of the teaching, but to help me as the teacher to further embed learners functional skills. E. g. In First Aid there are several basic formulae/ratios that require to be learnt to enable the learner to carry out life saving procedures, such as 30:2 (the number of compressions to rescue breaths required to successfully carry out CPR. These various formulae also lend themselves very well to the use of multiple-choice questions. At the conclusion of a three day First Aid at work course a formal summative assessment is compulsory in the form of multiple-choice examination papers and practical examinations. This allows the learner to prove that they have reached the standard required, which in turn enables them to be certificated as qualified in First Aid. Summative assessment also enables the teacher/training organisation to keep records of the learners’ achievements for further reference, particularly if the learner wishes to progress further. Explain the importance and the requirement of keeping records, including those relating to assessment. Record keeping forms a crucial part of teaching; the majority of records that would be kept are summative assessments. These are often paper examinations, or audio/ video recordings. Other forms of records that are required to be kept are teaching logs, application forms and funding documentation. Records can either be paper-based or data-based; both forms require an adequate storage facility that is secure and monitored. There are several reasons why records need to be kept, such as a requirement from a college, OFQUAL or an awarding organisation, such as HSE. Records show standardisation, meeting of criteria and form a vital part of the audit chain. OFQUAL, colleges and awarding organisations employ quality assurance officers to check training provider’s records. There is normally a stipulation that they are kept for three years. The other benefit of record keeping is that you have something to reference should a past learner enquire about a previous course of tuition. They may have lost their certificate and require a duplicate copy for their records. (Morley and Wordsworth. PTLLS made easier. Nov 2010 p97).

Ragging is a Crime Essay

â€Å"Ragging is a verbal, physical or psychological abuse on newcomers to educational institutions. It is similar to the American phenomenon known as hazing. It often takes a malignant form wherein the newcomers may be subjected to psychological or physical torture. Sri Lanka is said to be its worst affected country in the world† The delusion of Ragging is spread almost among every organization that is to be found today. Govt universities are the most affected parties, which will be focused further in this article. There are many types of ragging, dress code ragging, playing the fool etc. Ragging results in many outcomes some think it provides, A sense of accomplishment, Helps you learn about yourself, Challenges you to develop coping skills, Makes you feel like part of the group, Develops close friendships with other new members, Prepare you for emotional challenges in life, Promotes self-discipline ,Allows you do to crazy things in a self accepted manner etc. Unfortunately ragging is exploited into verbal torture and physical torture which are commonly known in Govt Universities. Presently the initial stage is prevailed by making the new comers wear a certain dress code for a period of time some resulting to look humane/pleasant but some feel awkward and uncomfortable as it often brings them unnecessary attention then making hem memorize the name and hometown of their peers. which is actually common situation to increase the friendship among batch mates . (locally referred as batch fit) Prior things are said to be tolerable upto a certain extent but this delusion unfortunately doesn’t end there , â€Å"playing the fool† which involves kissing a tree, proposing someone from the opposite sex and maybe upto public nudity often results in self embarrassment, then again verbal torture -indulging in loose talks ,singing of a vulgar or abusive song in the presence of a large number of peers, aliases are used primarily as a means of preventing the  university authorities identifying the students who are involved in ragging.  The severest form of raging that could take place is physical torture, Freshman are forced to consume alcohol and various other substances. Some seniors are mainly interested in details such as the anatomical description of one’s body parts, his or her sexual interests etc. In many cases, the freshmen have been asked to strip before the seniors. However, sexual abuse of female students remains rare. Outstation students who stay in hostels are most vulnerable to ragging. They may be asked to do odd acts such as having showers several times per day, and having showers around midnight with cold water. Some extreme cases like inserting candles inside lady-parts (as in the case of Rupa Rathnaseeli), putting testicles in a drawer and having it closed, pushing straightened out coat-hangers into ears, striking the man-parts over a long period of time (termed bonchi kadeema) are also reported. This period of time is termed Bheeshana Samaya in university jargon. â€Å"Ragging is often used as a method to promote group loyalty and camaraderie through shared suffering.† These ragging victims are currently only lead to Loss of friendships outside of the organization, Resentment towards current members, Exhaustion, Emotional duress from humiliation/intimidation, Decreased academic performance, Stress-related illness, Accidental injuries, Inflicted injuries, Physical pain, Depression or other mental health problems, Re-traumatization of past abuse, Severe intoxication (resulting in medical emergencies), Seizures, Maiming and finally Death. A tentative explanation from evolutionary psychology is that ragging can activate the psychological trait known as Stockholm syndrome. These delusions has lead to many major catastrophes, below states some In 1974, ragging of some trainee mathematics teachers at the then Vidyalankara University (now University of Kelaniya) prompted Prime Minister Sirimavo Bandaranaike’s Government to appoint V. W. Kularatne Commission to probe the incident. As a result, twelve undergraduates were expelled and four officials were penalised for their failure to take appropriate action. This  is the first major step taken against university ragging by a Sri Lankan government. In 1975, University of Peradeniya reported the first ragging related death when a 22-year-old female student of the Faculty of Agriculture, Rupa Rathnaseeli became paralyzed as a result of jumping from the second floor of the hostel â€Å"Ramanathan Hall† to escape the physical ragging carried out by her seniors. It was reported that she was about to have a candle inserted in her vagina just before she had jumped out of the hostel building. She committed suicide in 1997 In 1993, Chaminda Punchihewa, a student of University of Ruhuna, died as a result of ragging. Prasanga Niroshana, a student from Hakmana, died as a result of ragging he underwent at Schools of Agriculture, Angunakolapallassa. In 1997, 21-year-old S. Varapragash, an Engineering student of University of Peradeniya, died from a kidney failure following severe ragging by senior students. A a first year female student of University of Ruhuna committed suicide in 1997 as a result of ragging In 1997, Kelum Thushara Wijetunge, a first-year student at the Hardy Technical institute in Ampara, died from a kidney failure after he was forced to do tough exercises and drink excessive quantities of liquor. In 2002, Samantha Vithanage, a third year Management student at the University of Sri Jayewardenepura, who pioneered an anti-ragging campaign was killed at a meeting, while in a discussion on ragging. In 2006, Prof. Chandima Wijebandara, the Vice Chancellor of University of Sri Jayewardenepura resigned from his post as a result of students failing to comply with his orders to eliminate ragging from the university. In 2011, a female student attached to the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Ruhuna, was semi-paralysed in one limb as a result of ragging she underwent at the faculty canteen Seeing closely at a person who might join in this â€Å"ragging† is that they suffer from â€Å"illusion of control†. They tend to share a personal distress of Jealousy or envy and a lack of personal and social skills to deal with such feelings, usually created by an unstable home environment. People with this vague state of mind is further explained in the Perfect Storm Theory Of Hazardous Hazing. In 1998 Prohibition of Ragging and Other Forms of Violence in Educational Institutions Act, No. 20 was passed in the Sri Lankan parliament. As specified in the detailed note of the Act, it is identified as an Act to eliminate ragging and other forms of violent and cruel inhuman and degrading treatment from educational institutions. The Act specifies the relevant Higher Educational Institutions coming under the Act and that includes all the Higher Educational Institutions established under the Universities Act No. 16 of 1978. University students are also considered as citizens and are subjugated to the Common Law that prevails in the country. Accordingly, the constitutional constrains specified above are equally applicable to university students. Any form of civil or criminal offence executed by them are liable to be punished and in an instance of violation of such rights committed by university students, they shall be produced before the relevant Court and subject to suitable punishment that followed by the trial. Unlike in India, there is no official anti-ragging movement in Sri Lanka. But with the situation of ragging worsening yearly, there is a spontaneously emerging anti-ragging movement in each and every faculty of the university that ragging exists. In the case of University of Peradeniya, the largest university in Sri Lanka, anti-ragging movement has emerged in the year 1996. Prior to that, there was no movement against ragging, but certain individuals who escaped from the rag. In the mean time, anti-ragging movements started to appear in all other universities. Several faculties in several universities have become rag-free due to these movements, strengthened laws as well as practical difficulties in conducting ragging such as not providing accommodation facilities to the first-year students. Internal clashes have erupted several times due to the friction between ragging and anti-ragging movements, best example being Samantha Vithanage, a third year Management student at the University of Sri Jayewardenepura, who pioneered an anti-ragging campaign was killed at a meeting while in a discussion about ragging. The Higher Education Minister S. B. Dissanayake has stressed that firm action will be taken against those who are found guilty of such activities in future and would be expelled from the university. In December 2011, he claimed that the levels of ragging has gone  down drastically in the recent times and â€Å"only Peradeniya and Ruhuna are still affected by this ‘malaise’ Finally every person should realize that the this illusion of power lies only within the particular organization and in a couple of years they are driven into society and they will be accounted for their wrongs. Freshman should respect their seniors as well as the seniors should be in a state to accept it, as it has been said â€Å"Give respect to get respect†. After all we are all humans pursuing our personal/common interests while dealing with major/minor issues So let’s try making each other’s lives easier.

1- organic thin film transistor, 2- field-effect mobility for organic Essay

1- organic thin film transistor, 2- field-effect mobility for organic transistor.3- leakage current in transistors - Essay Example Digital radiography has seen drastic improvement since the adoption of TFTs in general radiography. This technology has also been used in the Active Matrix OLED (ALOMED) screens. Klauk, (2006, pp41-47) states that organic transistors are transistors that are made using thin films from an organic semiconductor instead of inorganic semiconductors in their channel. Small organic molecules may be evaporated in a vacuum to make the organic transistor. Alternatively, organic transistors are prepared by solution casting and transfer of organic single crystalline layers on a suitable substrate. The principal idea is the use of an organic material as the active semiconductor, to replace the initially used macromolecular organic materials (polymers) to increase efficiency. Electropolymerisation may still be used in case of unavailability of suitable and commonly used organic semiconductors (Brazis, Gamota, Kalyanasundaram & Zhang, 2004, p9). Optimization of structural design and devise interfaces led to several construction designs formulations but the most widely used are top and bottom contact Organic Thin Film Transistors (OTFTs). The terms top and bottom refer to the position of the two electrodes in relation to the position of the semiconductor. Top-contact OTFTs have their thin semiconductor film layer deposited first, then followed by the source and drain electrodes contacts onto the gate dielectric. A considerable reduction in contact resistance at the two electrodes; therefore they have little structural disorder at the interface. Bottom contact OTFTs have their source and drain electrode contacts first deposited first onto the gate dielectric supporter then the organic semiconductor crystal structure deposited directly on top. Molecular layers in the crystal structure are laid in a less ordered manner during the deposition onto the source and drain electrodes. While top contact OTFTs have reduced contact resistance and

Free Speech or Blatant Cuber-terrorism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Free Speech or Blatant Cuber-terrorism - Essay Example An organization like the New York Daily News praised this effort by Wiki Leaks, denoting it had changed the manner in which news was gathered, and disseminated. Freedom of speech is an important pillar that guides the political, social, and economic environments of United States (Beckett and Ball, 2012). All democracies promote freedom of speech, irrespective of whether the information provided is good to the government or not. It is important to explain that democratic governments normally encourage criticisms. By releasing this information, the founder of Wiki Leaks was criticizing the diplomatic and military strategies of United States (Beckett and Ball, 2012). This is because some of the information released talked about the negative perceptions that the American government had towards some world leaders, and their governments. Wiki Leaks is not cyber terrorism, and its founder is not responsible for abetting or aiding terrorism. Instead, Wiki Leaks is a media organization that aims at promoting freedom of speech, and that of the

Consent to Search Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Consent to Search - Research Paper Example While there are a number of reasons why a police officer might prefer to obtain consent as opposed to warrant, it is less clear why an individual would voluntarily consent to the inconvenience of a police search. This paper analyses the consent to search issue and considers why policy resort to consent searches as an investigative tool, why individuals might voluntarily consent to a search and how consent searches benefit the public. Consent Searches as a Police Investigative Tool According to Stack police largely rely on consent searches at the airport in their efforts to interdict illicit drug trafficking (183). Police suspicions are usually aroused as to who might be a likely drug trafficker based on the latter’s â€Å"conformity† to police â€Å"drug courier profiles† of persons involved in the illicit drug trade (Stack, 183). This suspicion would not usually be sufficient to obtain a search warrant on the grounds of probable cause or reasonable suspicion tha t the individual is about to or has committed a criminal offence. Even if, the officer had probable cause, it would be counterproductive for the police to apply for and go through the process of obtaining a search warrant as the individual will likely leave the airport or take a flight outside of the jurisdiction in the meantime (Stack, 183-184). According to Nadler and Trout, police investigative practices in the US typically involve â€Å"on-the-fly searches† as a means of detecting â€Å"evidence of crime† (328). In other words, these types of searches are impromptu and not incidental to an existing criminal investigation. Police are: †¦acting on their instincts and training regarding a person’s appearance or behavior or even presence in a particular place (Nadler and Trout, 328). For the most part, consent searches are obtained during routinely made traffic stops. In a typical case, the police will often stop a driver for a minor traffic infraction such as a flawed tail-light, changing lanes without a signal or for exceeding the speed limit. When police officers stop a motorist for a minor traffic infraction it is not usually because of the perceived danger of these infractions, but for the â€Å"opportunity† the stop provides for â€Å"investigating suspicious citizens† (Nadler and Trout, 329). Even where police stop an individual in a routine traffic stop on a hunch that the individual is likely in possession of illegal drugs, the stop is not unlawful if there is evidence of an actual traffic violation (Whren v US, 806). According to Nadler and Trout, the federal government awards significant funding to local police departments as a means of advancing the nation’s war on drugs (329). Therefore, local police departments have a significant incentive for interdicting drugs and this accounts for the large reliance on motorists consent to be searched and have their vehicles searched in routine traffic stops (Nadl er and Trout, 329). Consent searches are necessitated where there is no probable cause or where there are no reasonable grounds to suspect that a crime is being committed or was committed (Nadler and Trout, 230). In addition to passengers at the airport and drivers in traffic

Organizational Structure Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Organizational Structure - Annotated Bibliography Example The author used to be a professor at the MIT Sloan School of Management and has a Ph.D in the subject of social psychology. His work is objective in nature because it is completely based on objective research. The opinions formed in the book are based on these researches. The author proposes that the organizational culture can be utilized as a tool for adopting and promoting change. The book even focuses on the significance of leaders and their contribution towards utilization of culture to attain organizational aims and objectives. The content of the book provides various theories that can help in identifying how different leaders use different leadership styles to promote organizational change. This information will be used in the research to identify the impact of leadership on culture and how culture can become a change driver. Vaccaro, I., Jansen, J., Van Den Bosch, F., & Volberda, H. (2012). Management innovation and leadership: the moderating role of organizational size. Journal Of Management Studies, 49(1), 28--51. The source titled â€Å"Management innovation and leadership: the moderating role of organizational size† has been authored by Ignacio G. Vaccaro and other researchers and the source is a journal article (Vaccaro, 2012). The source has been published in a journal titled Journal of Management Studies and the sources has been cited for 96 times. The Journal in which the article is published is a journal that published research regarding management and social sciences and the article is reviewed by experts of the field and if the article is relevant to the subject of journal, it is published in the journal. The research is accepted as it is scientific in nature and the findings are based on results obtained from statistical tools which make the results objective in nature. The author of the article is associated with the Department of Strategic

Is Fuel Price Hedging profitable for airline industries Article

Is Fuel Price Hedging profitable for airline industries - Article Example Most airlines today hedge fuel costs. This has not always been the scenario. As recently as 15 years ago, fuel hedging was rare. European flag carriers used currency hedges previously to dilute their risk in fuel volatility In the last 12 years (From 9/11 particularly), unstable oil prices have caused a huge panic situation in the airline industry, a trend which will probably continue for some time. Crude price level rose to nearly $150 per barrel approx, later collapsing to below $40, and recently recovering back to $122 (Wyman) (Oilnergy). The past five years have been very intriguing for global airline industry. The state of the capital markets has not been too rosy itself leaving many corporations without much access to capital let alone cheaper rates In these times of significant modification and instability, it is a need that these airlines employ a feasible risk management program, allowing not only confronting the most challenging of times, but should also lead them to prosper in face of adversities. The question we will try to answer through this case study is that is it worth it in terms of profitability for airline Industry? Previously all airlines hedged their exposure with respect of an oil future. Future implies paying a decided price for an amount of oil on a stated date(s). Consider a company buying a this future of jet fuel at $10 per barrel and jet fuel rises to $18, that commitment protects $10 worth of jet fuel underlying from the consequent 80% increase in price. Airlines typically hedge between 30 to 70% of their expected fuel costs. The recent survey of 24 anonymous international carriers reveals a very important snippet of data (Mercatus Energy) Hedging instruments as we assumed initially only involved fuel hedging used futures contracts. Nowadays, the exposure can be hedged in considerable ways which includes the good old futures, comparatively newer forwards and the latest ones namely options with the limits like covered call and

Principles of War, Clausewitz and Jomini Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Principles of War, Clausewitz and Jomini - Essay Example It is worth noting that Clausewitz work very dialectically constructed; continuously, Clausewitz follows his declarations with sound arguments, which are intended to strengthen the principle being advanced (Clausewitz 1976). Clausewitz work presents warfare as an act of politics and emphasizes on the element of war as being more an economic, a psychological, and a political contest. Therefore, in terms of strategy, Clausewitz work and theories is more relevant compared to the theories by Jomini. Clausewitz works advances arguments mostly for the superiority of using defense. A clearer element of Clausewitz work is its exploration of the use of popular and partisan opinion. Therefore, the contrasting aspect of these two war theorists is that, for Jomini, his work was concerned more about maneuver, a war-fighting function widely used in the 19th century battlefields. On the other hand, Clausewitz work was in its outlook, strategic and mainly focused on the art of war. In short, the elements of Jomini’s work were offensive and maneuver kind of war, whereas the elements of Clausewitz work was characterized mostly by chance, violence, and reasons as the key elements. These theorists of war each emphasized certain warfare principles. We first look the principles advanced by Jomini. First, we must realize that the warfare principles advanced by Jomini, now referred to as Jominian principles were mostly designed for wars that were fought earlier under very different views about wars and circumstances. One of the principles of war that Jomini emphasized was the â€Å"line of operation.† According to him, this was an essential warfare principle, which he categorized as topographical barriers, i.e., natural lines of operation. He referred to this as the strategic choices and territorial lines, i.e., how and where to fight. He referred to this as â€Å"maneuver lines.† In addition, Jominian principles of warfare were mostly centered upon the key argument that an effective and successfully war had to adhere to strategy controlled by several consistent principles (Jomini 2008). These principles focused more on the massing of forces, the off ensive, and attacking an enemy force that is weaker at a very decisive point. In comparison to Clausewitz, Jomini looked at war in terms of clarity and simplicity. He viewed war in heroic and personal terms. Clausewitz considered warfare to be a complex, tragic affair that is always under the threat of escaping human control. Clausewitz viewed the war subject in a manner consistent with the eighteenth century Romanticism. The main principle of war that Clausewitz work advanced was that the art of decision-making and war defied the habit

Organizational challenges & problems Research Paper

Organizational challenges & problems - Research Paper Example This expose elucidates on the five greatest challenges organizations faced during the management of its projects and programs. The greatest challenge an organization may face during the management of a project or a program is a change of the priorities in the organization. It is crucial to point out that, priorities in an organization influence the structuring of objectives in programs and projects. In effect, a shift in organizational priorities challenges the management of ongoing projects. The shifts in the priorities of an organization may be a result of change in top management. On the other hand, an organization may change its objectives and goals and effectively influence a shift in priorities. The second challenge is a result of lack of precision in the scope statement of a project or a program. In this regard, failure to identify the scope of the project by clearly outlining the project goals and key project deliverables poses a challenge towards managing a project or a program in an organization. However, effective prior planning will help in identifying an explicit scope. On the other hand, managers may adopt changes in management in order to redefine the scope in ongoing projects or programs. In the process of implementing and managing a project or a program, changes in the deliverables and scope are inevitable. In effect, managing these changes becomes a challenge to organizations during the implementation and management of projects or programs. Nevertheless, effective management entails considering these changes and planning the update of these changes in the project or program. The fourth challenge organizations faced while managing and implementing a project or a program is a failure to assess and effectively manage risks, which affected the program or project. In this regard, the failure to assess the risks associated with a project meant that the organization risked failing to

Saks Fifth Avenue Merchandising Essay Example for Free

Saks Fifth Avenue Merchandising Essay Merchandising Saks Fifth Avenue is a lead retail organization offering a wide assortment of luxury fashion apparel, accessories, shoes, jewelry, and cosmetics. Their main target market is the upscale customer that is willing to pay for main designer brands and products such as Louis Vuitton, Ralph Lauren, and many others. Currently, Saks has 46 stores through 22 states that are usually free standing in distinct shopping destinations or anchors in expensive regional malls as quoted from their annual report. Saks primarily focuses on providing luxury brands and unique merchandise to their core customers. Because of the recession, Saks Fifth Avenue changed their methods of merchandising to become more profitable as well as tailor more to their customers but still kept their main focus on luxury and unique brands. In 2009, their net profit margin was a negative 9. 7% with their net profit being negative $54,512,000 and starting off net sales as $564,519,000. The CEO of Saks Fifth Avenue, Stephen Sadove, decided that the company needed to pursue an offensive strategy rather than a defensive one. In order to maintain this strategy, Saks implemented a 9-box grid strategy to chart their merchandise for each store. The 9-box grid strategy helped Saks categorize the best mix of apparel and accessories for the main customers at each of their store locations. There are three price tiers to follow along the grid such as good, better, and best. Each item falls into one of these pricing tiers as well as three general lifestyle categories such as classic, uptown, and contemporary. These specific categories provide Saks with a better understanding of how their products are viewed by their customers as well as how much they are willing to spend on different items. Saks’s Senior Vice President of Marketing and Advertising, Kimberly Grabel, stated that they wanted to implement a strategy that had a good coverage for everyone to produce a really blended customer base. From their findings along the 9-box grid, Saks tailors each of its stores to fit that customer base in that area. Fashion apparel located in their New York location will be different from the products presented in their Indianapolis store. As mentioned earlier, they specifically choose their store locations in their respective markets to target their core customers that value their merchandise. The most important products to evaluate within this grid are Saks’s private labels and exclusive products. These products build a loyal customer base because shoppers cannot find them at any other retail store and improve company profit margins. One of Saks’s private labels is called â€Å"Saks Fifth Avenue Private Collections† where they offer more â€Å"timeless† clothing rather than trendy. Within this collection, they have three distinct lines such as signature, classic, and sports with prices ranging from $98 to $1,000 as stated in the New York Times article. Saks Fifth Avenue’s exclusive products are where they differentiate themselves in the luxury market and remain unique. In their annual report, the company states that they have key relationships with designers like Giorgio Armani, Chanel, Gucci, Prada, and Burberry, among many others. Just recently, they expanded one of their exclusive offerings in the men’s collection with Valentino. At the moment, Saks Fifth Avenue’s presence of private labels and exclusive products in their stores are in the lower teens, but their goal is to reach 20%. Since exclusive products and private labels are so important to Saks merchandising, they promote these brands by in-store displays and catalogue layouts. Within their stores, each mannequin is dressed with only one specific designer. This gives an advantage to the exclusive designer of the featured clothing because a customer might see the entire outfit and want the complete package besides just a blouse. An article within The Wall Street Journal states that within Saks’s holiday catalogue, four out of six items shown are exclusive, so their customers know where to get that exact product. Because of these unique products as well as their 9-box grid strategy, Saks Fifth Avenue has returned from the recession on an â€Å"ok† note, and they continue to improve. In 2010, they began with net sales of $593,145,000 which was a 5% increase since August1, 2009. Their net profit was still in the negative at $32,234,000, but they had an increase of 4. % in their net profit margin. Within 2011, their margins increased even more with a 13% increase in net sales to $670,180,000, and a 4. 2% increase in net profit margin resulting in only having a negative net profit of $8,369,000 as stated in their SEC filings in the 10Q reports. In order to remain successful, Saks Fifth Avenue focuses on offering luxury brands and unique merchandise. With their distinct store locations throughout the country, Saks is able to reach their intended upscale customer and satisfy their needs and wants. By creating value with their products, Saks Fifth Avenue continues to be a lead retail organization.

Incremental Analysis Essay Example for Free

Incremental Analysis Essay Incremental in comprehensive analyses both serve similar purposes in decision making in the workplace. The argument is that incremental is more economical than and just as effective as comprehensive analyses. Since both are used to make important decisions within a company, which one will serve the best purpose while still being justifiable and cost effective to complete? Both will complete the same task, but one will do it better and we will be explaining why incremental analyses are the better ones to use. Incremental Analysis Incremental analysis is important and standardized approach to determine various business decisions concerning cost and revenue. This tool is very crucial and time saving; it leads in a systematic way to identify the probable effects of decisions on future earnings in order to make better decisions concerning the profitability of the company. Management utilizes incremental analysis to identify relevant information related to costs and revenues associated and impacted by the decision; this information is further compared to make the most profitable decision. Examples of decisions best made through incremental analysis include – whether to accept an order at special price, make-or-buy, sell or process further, retain or replace equipment, eliminate an unprofitable segment decision and allocate limited resources, and decisions (Kimmel et.al, 2011). Comprehensive Analysis Comprehensive analysis is the financial term used for evaluating every financial detail of the entire operation in a company. The purpose of conducting comprehensive analysis is to determine a company’s present financial position as well as its expected financial standing in the future. In conducting comprehensive analysis, both current and historical fiscal reports must be collected to analyze the status of the company’s investments. These reports are also needed to calculate the financial ratios of different companies. Determining the financial ratios is the next step when conducting comprehensive analysis as these ratios will determine the company’s performance and its effectiveness. The ratios will give a snap shot of the company’s overall financial condition, strengths and weaknesses of its financial activities which will help creditors and investors decide  whether company is worth investing in. And finally, compare the company’s ratio, to the ratio of another organization with similar production processes to determine if the company will succeed or needs enhancement. Disagree/ or Agree According to our research we have come to an agreement that Incremental Analysis is the best decision and focus tool that we have. The reasoning is because it reveals faster results and cost less. Another two are when reports are shown and analysis are done it reveals the same results. It also focus on a specific subject or topic. Incremental analysis also pulls reports and help management make decisions whether to accept orders, to make a product or purchase, sell and process products furthers, or even the retaining and replacement of equipment that are used by the business. References JIm, B., Hughes, M.C. (2014, April). What is comprehensive analysis. Wise Geek, (). Retrieved from http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-comprehensive-analysis.htm Virtual Advisors Inc. (2011) Analyzing your financial ratios retrieved from http://www.bbt.com/bbtdotcom/business/small-business-resource-center/growing-a-business/financial-ratios.page

Orthodontic Anchorage Unit Research Study

Orthodontic Anchorage Unit Research Study Chapter 3 MATERIALS AND METHODS A three-dimensional bone block model (Figure 2) integrated with a miniscrew was constructed with a computer-aided design program (SolidWorks; Dassault Systemes SolidWorks, Concord, Mass) to simulate a miniscrew implanted in bone as an orthodontic anchorage unit. Figure 2. Three dimensional bone block model with screw embedded. The bone block, consisting of cortical and cancellous bone, was constructed with dimensions of 20 mm. in length and width, and 15 mm. in height for evaluation. [1] The cortical bone thickness, elastic moduli, Poisson’s ratio, shear moduli and density of the edentulous maxillary and mandibular alveolar bone as shown on Table 2 was based on the studies of Dechow et al.[2] and Schwartz-Dabney and Dechow[3], respectively; and the dentate specimen based on the study of Peterson et al. [4] These were taken from specific locations of the edentulous maxillary and mandibular alveolar bone as shown in Figure 3. Since cancellous bone density was found to have little or no consequence to results obtained by previous studies[5], a fixed value will be set with elastic moduli of 1.3 GPa, Poisson’s ratio of 0.3, shear moduli of 2.0 and density 0.5g/cm3. Figure 3. Location from which cortical bone specimens were removed from the edentulous crania by Dechow et al.[6] and the edentulous mandibles by Schwartz-Dabney and Dechow[7] The miniscrew geometry was based on the MONDEAL system (MONDEAL Medical Systems, Muhlheim, Germany): ie, the screw thread profile was an isosceles triangle 0.4 mm in height and 0.16 mm along the base.[8] The thread pitch was 1.0 mm. These thread dimensions were fixed in all screw designs in this study. The miniscrew will be assumed to be homogeneous, isotropic and linearly elastic titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) with elastic modulus of 114 GPa, Poisson’s ratio or 0.34 and Yield strength of 880MPa.[9] Table 2. Material properties of maxillary[10] and mandibular[11] alveloar cortical bone. The model was meshed automatically with 10-node tetrahedral solid elements. The interface between the cortex and the cancellous bone was assumed to be fully bonded; i.e., the elements were continuous, sharing the same nodes along the interface. A node-to-node contact condition was given on the interface between the miniscrew and the bone block to imitate a stage without osseointegration.[13] The static load along the x-axis was applied to the head of the miniscrew and perpendicular to its long axis to simulate the orthodontic force. For the nodes located on the 5 exterior surfaces of the bone block, all but the superior surface where the miniscrew entered was constrained in all degrees of freedom to simulate the boundary condition. The nodal solution of the von Mises stress in the bone and the displacement of the miniscrew were calculated for each model with the finite element analysis program.[14] To determine the loading effect, the maxillary and mandibular bone blocks will be subjected to four force magnitudes (1, 2, 4 and 6 N) and three force directions (60o , 90o and 120o) to mimic various clinical conditions. A force direction of 90o was the force perpendicular to the long axis of the miniscrew and parallel to the bone surface.[15] 2 N is the reported clinically safe limit for immediate loading.[16] The loads will be applied at the level of the eye of the screw meant for tying ligatures in a clinical situation.[17] To determine the screw size effect, three screw (outer) diameters (1.5, 2.0 and 2.3 mm.) and five screw length (7, 9, 11, 13 and 15 mm.). The screw length will be measured including the screw head, which had a 2 mm. height for all screw models. To simulate soft tissue thickness, various screw depths (screw length in the bone block) will be modelled.[18] For each screw length, the exposed screw length of 3, 4, 5 mm. will be measured. The von Mises stress and the displacement was determined for the different screw length, diameter and exposed screw length was subjected to the different force magnitude and direction. For every bone specimen there was 540 different scenarios. The stress distribution was then observed for the screws that exhibited the highest stress for each bone specimen and for each force direction. Chapter 5 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS Summary of Findings There is no direct relationship between stress and displacement established. The pattern of the von Mises stress of miniscrews embedded on different bones are similiar with only minor differences. Whereas the maxillary edentulous specimens showing more displacement compared to its mandibular counterpart. Though the highest stress and highest displacement can be observed in 6 N of force at 90o direction at 5 mm. exposed length and the lowest stress and lowest displacement can be observed in 1 N of force at 1200 direction at 3 mm. exposed length. The stress is concentrated on the cortical bone irrespective of the screw length and the exposed screw length. It is more intensified at 5 mm exposed screw length because the moment of arm becomes longer, and lighter at 3 mm exposed length because the moment arm becomes shorter. The cortical bone acts as the fulcrum of the force. All miniscrews embedded in mandibular edentulous specimens were able to establish primary stability except for 2 scenarios in MDE4. 12-13% of miniscrews embedded on maxillary edentulous specimen were not able to establish primary stability. Majority of these occurred with screw diameter of 1.5 mm. (78 85%), exposed screw length of 5 mm. (61 72%), force magnitude of 6 N. (62 – 68 %), and force angle of 900 (40 45%). Conclusion Based on the data gathered, it is found that placement of orthodontic miniscrew on edentulous alveolar bone on both the maxilla and mandible is possible. The use of miniscrew with diameter of 2mm or wider embedding it on attached gingiva of 2mm or thinner, loading it with force 2 N or lower at an angle 60 or 1200 could increase chances of establishing primary stability. Recommendations The proponent of this research would like to recommend the implementation of a Randomized Controlled Trial based on the results of this study. This would ensure the evidence-based practice of the miniscrew anchorage. References [1] T. C. Liu and others, Finite Element Analysis of Miniscrew Implants Used for Orthodontic Anchorage, Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 141 (2012). [2] P. C. Dechow, Q. Wang, and J. Peterson, Edentulation Alters Material Properties of Cortical Bone in the Human Craniofacial Skeleton: Functional Implications for Craniofacial Structure in Primate Evolution, The Anatomical Records: Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology, 293 (2010). [3] C. L. Schwartz-Dabney and P. C. Dechow, Edentulation Alters Material Properties of Cortical Bone in the Human Mandible, J Dent Res, 81 (2002). [4] J. Peterson, Q. Wang, and P. C. Dechow, Material Properties of the Dentate Maxilla, Anat Rec A Discov Mol Cell Evol Biol, 288 (2006). [5] A. Gracco and others, Numerical/Experimental Analysis of the Stress Field around Miniscrews for Orthodontic Anchorage, Eur J Orthod, 31 (2009). [6] Dechow, Wang, and Peterson. [7] Schwartz-Dabney and Dechow. [8] Liu and others [9] Gerhard Welsch, R. Boyer, and E.W. Collings, Materials Properties Handbook: Titanium Alloys, (Asm International, 1994). [10] Dechow, Wang, and Peterson. [11] Schwartz-Dabney and Dechow. [12] Peterson, Wang, and Dechow. [13] Liu and others [14] Ibid. [15] Ibid. [16] A. G. Crismani and others, Miniscrews in Orthodontic Treatment: Review and Analysis of Published Clinical Trials, Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 137 (2010). [17] S. Singh and others, Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis of Strength, Stability, and Stress Distribution in Orthodontic Anchorage: A Conical, Self-Drilling Miniscrew Implant System, Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 141 (2012). [18] Liu and others

Online Relationships Essay -- Internet Online Communication Essays

Online Relationships Cyberspace relationships have the advantages of time, distance depletion, and fantasy abilities (Suler). Internet users can take on different identities or take part in fantasy games. They can become someone else. James Katz and Philip Aspen report that the Internet is a place to make friends and stay in touch with far away relatives (Stoll). It makes distance disappear. Also, online a person is given time before they must respond to the other person (Suler). They are given the opportunity to better articulate themselves in writing. It is also possible to store conversations with friends on-line (Suler). Sometimes face to face relationships are hard to make. It’s easier for a shy or awkwardly social person to use the internet to make friends. With all of these social advantages, why are there still many lonely Internet users? â€Å"Paradoxically, the Internet is a social technology used for communication, yet it results in declining social involvement and psychological well-being† (Stoll). There is a large gap between people we can touch and people we can onl...

Andree Putman Bio Essay -- essays research papers

Biography of Andree Putman   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Andree Putman, one of the world best known contemporary designers was born in Paris, 1925. Every career that Ms. Putman has attempted she has excelled in. Therefore, many would say her style is eclectic ranging from interiors to perfume. Throughout all of her projects she has â€Å"worked with the idea of making beautiful things accessible to everyone†. Ms. Putman is a one of a kind designer who has reached beyond the borders of interior design itself.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ms. Putman began her career as a musician where she was instructed by a well known French composer, Francis Poulenc. In the 1960’s Ms. Putman worked as a journalist, writing columns for L’Oeil (eye) and Les Cahiers de Elle. Finally in 1978 her career as an interior designer/architect had developed due to publicity from designing just a few residencies for friends.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mafia, the first French style and marketing consulting company was also formed by Ms. Putman. Towards the end of the 60’s, Ms. Putman worked in the design & style department of the French stores Prisunic, working with Denise Fayolle and Mame Arnodine. Mafia persuaded famous young artists to help with designing a collection of home accessories and outstanding lithographs. This was one of the many ways that Ms. Putman achieved her idea of making beautiful things such as, contemporary art available to the general public at a minimal cost. Didier Grumbach...

Women in Tennessee Williams A Streetcar Named Desire and Arthur Miller

Women in Tennessee Williams' A Streetcar Named Desire and Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman The part of Stella and Linda are both archetypal female figures in that they follow the typical fictional role of the submissive wife and mother. In A Streetcar Named Desire, Stella DuBois (renamed Mrs. Stanley Kowalski) supports and forgives her husband, defending him against any criticism. Likewise, in Death of a Salesman, Linda - the only female character with any import - is a meek, timid figure around her husband. This weakness is underscored by the sentence structure and diction that each character uses when in conflict with their husband. As both Tennessee Williams and Arthur Miller are men, it can be seen that their female characters tend to be what men would desire in women, without giving a too-accurate portrayal of an actual person. Stella and Linda are both symbols of the deferential wife and mother, not convincing portraits of women. Stella and Linda are both thought of only in relation to the other characters. They exist to support their husbands and defend them from other characters. Both Stella and Linda attempt to blind themselves to their husbands' flaws, and apologize to other characters for their husbands' actions. When Stanley gets drunk, smashes the radio and window, and hits Stella, Stella must apologize to Blanche for Stanley's behavior: "He's half-drunk!"; "He didn't know what he was doing... He was as good as a lamb when I came back and he's really very, very ashamed of himself." All that Stella can do is make excuses for his behavior, not blaming him for anything: "People have got to tolerate each others' habits, I guess." It is in this scene (4) that the audience truly sees Stella... ...laces, especially in scene 3: "All of you - please go home! If any one of you have one spark of decency in you-"; "You lay your hands on me and I'll-". This is realistic for some women who are submissive to their husbands, more so than perhaps the characters' actions, but the portrayal of the women characters as weak and wavering spouses is not realistic when it is the only female element. There are no strong female characters in either A Streetcar Named Desire of Death of a Salesman. Stella and Linda are dutiful wives, inferior to their husbands, who forgive and support them in spite of abuse. This is shown by their change in sentence structure and diction. Perhaps some males desire unconditional support and surrender from their wives, but to portray all females as weak women at the every beck and call of their husbands is unrealistic and inaccurate.

Buddhism as a religion

Buddhism is a religion with a major following of believers from the Far East Nations. These nations are among the most populous countries of the world commanding about three quarters of the world population; with large part of China professing Buddhism it can be regarded as that religion enjoying the largest number of believers. Bearing in mind that many of this nation are (or they were) communists by ideology it is doubtless that establishment of any form of religion has not been easy, and Buddhism has not been an exception.Craik Kenneth: (1943). In this narration two most important names feature-a devoted Buddha who runs away at the time of heightened persecution, and the second one belonging to an American author and artist, George Crane. Tsai ran away from Mongolia as a young Buddhist monk in the wake of attack by the Red Army in 1959. Unfortunately many of the remaining monks are killed in this operation that was meant to do away with the Buddhism religion.According to Tsai, the main character in the Bones of the Master, he ran away to save the teaching of Buddha. Craik Kenneth: (1943). His exodus takes him to Hong Kong and eventually to the United States where, in New York he meets his neighbor and friend George Crane. As they were all working on translation of poems their relationship gets to grow deep despite their age, although it appeared quiet unusual for Crane in the way the Buddha friend expressed his faith.In observing the Buddhism culture to the maximum Tsai seeks to return to Mongolia with the main aim of searching for the bones of his master and also construct a shrine for his master. Tsai also has a statue of the master which was given him by his student of meditation, but this seems so awkward to Crane who fears for its size and weight. Crane feared because with such a massive thing with them they might not even be allowed to go beyond the boundaries of China. In this return journey he asks his friend Crane to accompany him, and the later is more than willing to come along.The land at this moment is still very dangerous for any individual who professes Buddhism as his religion and for this very reason Crane is worried on how they will enter Mongolia, a land which is more obvious that he is the only one remaining of the stock of Buddhist monks. Craik Kenneth: (1943). George Crane (2000), came out to explain the very basic concepts of Buddhism and begins by saying that this religion is built on main principles and one of them is basically that life is about suffering. He notes that human life is centered on striving and attachments and therefore according to Crane it is this struggles that bring about suffering.Futhermore, of utmost importance according to his views is how to overcome this sufferings in which he suggests that the believer should choose the way of the right action and views. At this point, Crane, who most obviously has been influenced by the Buddha practices points out that this actions lead to a path or a way of nirvana or unification with the universe, in which the author says it is about one being in control of her own experiences. Further on Crane says that this path is brought down into four divisions, three of which deal with mental experiences and the remaining one deal with the physical part of the approach.By doing this the author is giving as the insight of the importance of emotions for any believer of the religion of Buddhism. In addition, an individual of the Buddhism faith should act with emotions in addition to his or her mind as a sign of understanding the faith. Concequently, the believer should use the triangle of emotions, imagination and wisdom as a rule of following the right path. This insight therefore makes us to understand that Buddha religion brings an individual to closer understanding himself and the influence of his actions affect his relation with the spiritual world.Death appears to play a central role, an important pillar in the Buddhism philosophy. In fact, according to this philosophy death has never existed because the spirit undergoes a reformation called reincarnation, a kind of a circle involving deaths and births believed to be eternal up to the point of spirit achieving Enlightment and eventually enters nirvana. Another believe is in the idea of Karma which is actually the totality of good and bad deeds associated to an individual during his or her lifetime and which his future life in nirnava.Devotional Practices The Buddhism religion is characterized by a series of practices which are meant to show how devoted the faithful is in the religion. These devotional practices are a sign of veneration expressed before Buddha. Craik Kenneth: (1943). Shrines It is difficult for a Buddhist to worship without the use of shrines. Shrines are special worship points where the image of Buddha is placed and the worshippers bow down around the image during worshipping.For along time Buddha images and shrines have been used as objects of w orshipping and devotion to Buddha – being important in the sense that they are used as objects of inspiration and helps one to remain focused in worship hence showing maximum reverence and gratitude towards the teachings of the Buddha. Images and shrines reminds one of the importance of having perfection in wisdom and compassion in Buddha in addition to the inspirational aspect which serve in developing important qualities as one recalls the majesty of the teachings of Buddha.A Buddhist will tell you that the image in the shrine helps them to be peaceful because when they go to the temple and see the image it helps them to know that there are some peaceful beings elsewhere and they also ought to be so. Psychologically therefore one settles down. Craik Kenneth: (1943). There are several ways in which the faithful of the Buddha show respect to their majesty, the Buddha. This by: Folding palms and placing them on the chest. This action expresses deep respect to Buddha; Dharma an d Sangha.Another way is by Prostration before the image of the Buddha as a sign of showing deep veneration and makes one set to listen to the teachings. Prostration before Buddha helps a Buddhist to focus on the qualities of Buddha which include compassion, patience and wisdom. George Crane (2000). Therefore, the practices employed by Tsung Tsai from USA are the clear ways of showing how devoted he was to his traditional religion. The first expression of the practice is that of meditation. In the travel account we come of the meditation class organized under Tsung Tsai through the of appreciation him by one of his students.The class organized under Buddhist meditation types of the Western world appreciated their teacher on his return to Mongolia by giving him a gift of a statue of Buddha. Possibly they had understood the weight contained in this act of devotion because establishing a shrine for Buddha is the highest form of devotion one expresses to Buddha. George Crane (2000). Mast ers are highly respected among the Buddha because they are the teachers of the traditions, meditations and devotional practices among the monk communities. As an act of devotion therefore there has to be some respect and reverence to masters of the religion.We remember vividly that before Tsung Tsai left for Hong Kong while escaping the massacre he had to visit his master before leaving. While away his master dies, most likely by the bullets of the insurgents, and is buried not in accordance with the proper Buddhist traditions he used to teach. Consequently, Tsung Tsai seeks to come back to accord his master the required burial as per the Buddhist culture. George Crane (2000). Finally we recognize an act of wisdom as a devotional practice. Wisdom is about having a right understanding about all aspects of life, that is, recognition of one’s environment as it is.This act of wisdom is not viewed by Buddhists as any act of intelligence but the way one is refined and with time bec omes freed of ignorance of this religion wisdom is described as a devotional practice where should give in fully to be transformed . Wisdom is achieved through ethical practices and therefore our mental displine is important in the achievement of understanding. To the Buddhists wisdom is very imperative during meditation where one requires clarity of the mind . This is probably the main reason the old master teacher of Tsung Tsai spend times alone in meditation.According to the Buddha wisdom is a characteristic of an enlightened personality and the possessor is compassionate and is likely to operate wisely. George Crane (2000). Conclusion Devotional practices are the basis of any religion and the determinant of how engraved to the acts of the religion one is. To Buddhism in particular they show reverence and respect to the master and his Buddha. Bones of the master is a clear insight to explaining to us the clear insights of the culture of worship evolved behind the curtains of Budd hism. Craik Kenneth: (1943).T sung Tsai can be described as a Cha’n master and monk and is seen as the last Ch’an on earth. Ch’an is a form of Buddhism from Chinese and when it was later introduced in Japan it was renamed as Zen. Therefore a Ch’an monk is associated with the Mongolian or Chinese while the Zen is to Japan. According to Ch’an traditions in Buddhist writings women are accorded the same status as men, and that is why Crane receives a gift from a lama woman and also believed that he was taught the religion by this woman. Craik Kenneth: (1943). Hinduism and Buddhism are closely related religions and evolved together in the Far East.As a result it has been documented that Buddhism and Hinduism a rose from closely related ideas. In addition the early development in the Indian valleys as documented show that there was a strong flow of faith between the two religions such that at one time the Buddha temples were built under the control of Hi ndu kings. Furthermore, the worship through the use of images brings them together in addition to a strong culture embodied in devotional acts of meditation, building of shrines and the role of teachers in the passing of this beliefs to the next generations. Both religions show venerations to many deities. Kadodwala, Dilip. (1995). References Kadodwala, Dilip. (1995). Hinduism. World Religions Series. New York: Thomson Learning, ISBN 1-568-47-377-X. L.C. BL1203.K33. Grades 5Â ­7. Craik Kenneth: (1943). The Nature of Explanation Cambridge University Press. George Crane (2000). Bones of the Master: A Journey to Secret Mongolia Bantam Books, (paperback) 304 pages.

Krispy Kreme Essay

Krispy Kreme has been in the doughnut business for over 64 years and has been a specialty retailer for doughnuts from the very beginning. Krispy Kreme implements a differentiation strategy, attempting to distinguish their donuts based on taste, quality and simplicity. The company’s goal since its infancy has been to satisfy customers by providing a unique experience. This bold strategy has differentiated them from their competition and created a competitive advantage. Customers are allowed to see how the doughnuts are made through the Doughnut Theatre then served the newly baked treats hot and fresh. The bright neon light that shines from every Krispy Kreme location reads â€Å"Hot Doughnuts Now,† is one of Krispy Kreme’s key marketing strategies. When this sign is lit up, customers know that they will get fresh doughnuts that have just been made. Krispy Kreme provides Code of Ethics which covers a wide range of business practices and procedures. It focuses on recognizing, dealing and reporting any ethical issues. Krispy Kreme’s commitment to social responsibility shines through their fundraising program, which offers three different ways of raising profit for your school or organization. Krispy Kreme has assisted non-profit organizations raise over 46 million through fundraising. Although Krispy Kreme has many competitive advantages, it has its disadvantages as well. The first is the extremely unhealthy nature of its products. By the time a person takes the first bite of their second Krispy Kreme donut, they have already exceeded the USDA’s recommended fat intake for the entire day. This is sure to turn off all consumers who have health concerns or are watching their weight. The second disadvantage is the single product concept and the lack of variety of Krispy Kreme products. Historical success for quick service type products revenue growth is slowest among any restaurant type. The product is not a necessity in hard times and external environmental conditions could hurt consumer’s willingness to buy. Krispy Kreme will encounter many indirect and direct challenges as it continues to increase its market share across the globe. Recent improvements  in IT have reduced mistakes in distribution and lowered the amount of computer malfunctions, but there is still room for improvement. Krispy Kreme will have to continue to supply the baking technology to their new factory stores which will be costly. Communication, along with the distribution of production technology and needed ingredients to each individual store can be difficult. Preserving order will be possible only through identifying certain technologies that will assist in the process of distribution and communication. With the recent upgrades, the employees must be able to operate the new technology without experiencing problems that could damage consumer confidence in the company. Another challenge to Krispy Kreme is the lack of publicity through advertisements. Krispy Kreme depends solely on name recognition and reputation of its business. By choosing to not spend its money on commercials, they risk the chance of having no recognition in certain areas. Moreover, McDonald has a great relationship with its younger consumer base though its mascot and Starbucks has worked out deals with Barnes and Noble to have its coffee shops located inside the bookstore. This way people do not just have to get their coffee and leave, they can relax and read at the same time. Krispy Kreme offers none of these benefits. One of the major problems in their current strategy is that they do not have different approaches in their marketing at all. They do not factor in age or demographics in their methods. No matter what area Krispy Kreme is located, everything will be exactly the same. Finally, growth may cause Krispy Kreme to become less attractive as they become more mainstream. Krispy Kreme may want to slow their growth in location to maintain the authenticity and exclusiveness associated with high quality products. As a universal product and a global brand Krispy Kreme considers its market as truly anyone and anywhere. This concept allows the company to move ahead with their proved business model in all markets. Although some markets will  be more successful than others, in my opinion Canada will emerge as the success story for Krispy Kreme. The Canadian market is more accustomed to the idea of having a donut as breakfast or a snack item versus other foreign markets. Although Canada has Tim Hortons as a popular donut shop, Tim Hortons is not famous for their donuts. Moreover, Canada is similar to the U.S. market in terms of demographics and this will play a great role in its success. References 1. Lamars Donuts News. October 25, 2002. http://www.lamars.com (05/20/04) 2. Krispy Kreme Homepage. http://www.krispykreme.com (05/21/04) 3. â€Å"Case Study: Krispy Kreme Doughnuts†. Corechange. (05/20/04) 4. â€Å"Krispy Kreme Announces store†¦Ã¢â‚¬  October 31, 2002. PR News Wire. http://www.prnewswire.com (05/20/04) 5. â€Å"Krispy Kreme word-of-mouth tactics†¦Ã¢â‚¬  October 21, 2002 Brandweek. V43.p9 (05/20/04) 6. www.moneycentral.com (05/21/04) 7. Miller, Beth. â€Å"The New Doughnut Dynamic†. St. Louis Business Journal (05/20/04)

A Character From Everyman Essay

Everyman is a medieval play written by an anonymous author. The central theme of the play is that when the time to leave the world is approaching, an individual may end up being betrayed by his or her family and friends, and only good deeds is important at the end. God and religion are also important aspects in this Middle Age drama, because it portrays Everyman’s progress from fear of death to a â€Å"Christian resignation that is prelude to redemption† (115). The characters in the play consist of subjects, verbs, and objects. The main character in the drama is Everyman, but the name is a representation of mankind in general. Everyman asks other characters to follow him on his journey to death. Firstly, Everyman goes to Fellowship who is his friend, but the first to forsake him by suggesting drinking or socializing with women instead of going on journey of death. Secondly, he asks his family members, Kindred and Cousin, to join him on his journey. However, Kindred and Cousin are disloyal to Everyman by reminding him of the things he has never done for them. Thirdly, Everyman refers to Goods, which are Everyman’s belongings. However, he is disappointed to find out that he cannot take his material possessions with him to his grave. Fourthly, Everyman calls upon Good Deeds. Good Deeds is unable to accompany Everyman immediately, but recommends first going and speaking to knowledge. Lastly, Everyman takes Good Deed’s advice and goes to Knowledge. Knowledge leads Everyman to Confession in order for Everyman to acknowledge his sin and be forgiven. Good Deeds rises again and Everyman asks Good Deeds, Beauty, Strength, Discretion, and Five Wits to join him on his journey to death. Although they all agree and follow him, they run away when they approach his grave except for Good Deeds. Therefore, by closing of the play the audience can conclude that Good Deeds is the only character who did not betray Everyman. In conclusion, Everyman is a medieval theater piece that teaches a lesson to the readers about the importance of life, which is that the things an individual does for others during his lifetime are what counts at the end of one’s life. Everyman first thought his family, friends, and belongings would be there when he dies, but realizes that none of that matters when life ends.

Martin Luther King Jr., “Letter from Birmingham Jail”

The pressure of racial segregation was reaching a boiling point in 1963 in Birmingham, Alabama. After being arrested for his part in the Birmingham Campaign, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. wrote an open letter in response to â€Å"A Call for Unity†, written by eight white clergymen from Birmingham. King's â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail† is a true call for unity, as he clearly states and points out facts that the clergymen have omitted from their letter. King is clearly not looking to stoke the fire of segregation; he was merely looking to solve the situation at hand and trying to peacefully end racial segregation in the United States. A Call for Unity†, written in early April 1963 (Jonathan, 12-18). Discussion After years of segregation and inequality, one man stood up and fought for what was right. This man spoke of dreams and for what he felt as morally right, ethically right, lawfully right and emotionally right. This man spoke of freedom, brotherhood and equality among all people, no matter what race they were. He brought forth facts and emotions to America that was being felt by the black community, which was being treated so badly. This man was Martin Luther King Jr. a clergyman and civil rights leader, who later was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his work. King opened the eyes of America to a broader sense of understanding, to a wider view of the inequality and hate that almost every black person had to live through at that time. After several peaceful protests King was arrested for demonstrating in defiance of a court order, by participating in a parade, he was then taken to Birmingham jail (Leff & Utley, 8-9). There in the jail, King wrote a letter to 8 fellow clergymen in response to a letter they published in a newspaper. King explained in the letter why he did the things he did, and why that had to be done the way that they were. King’s â€Å"Letter from Birmingham City Jail† was written on April 16, 1963. Eight Alabama clergyman wrote an open letter that questioned King’s methods and suggested that he use the court system as a means for change. King’s letter was a reply that was meant to respond to the clergymen and spread his beliefs (KaaVonia, 10-15). In his letter, he responds to some of his criticisms, such as his demonstrations, direct action, and his timing. He, then, explains his motives for acting, and why they were justified. Argument about â€Å"Justice and injustice† His attitude in the letter changes, at the beginning he is submissive to the clergy’s criticism; at the end he begins to criticize the clergy. This letter was symbolic of a movement, and all the injustices it faced. King uses rhetoric by manipulating language and appealing to the emotions of the reader. In Martin Luther King Jr’s â€Å"A Letter from Birmingham Jail† addresses eight white clergymen from Birmingham, Alabama, clearly states eight arguments. King uses epigrams as a device to make sure the reader still comprehends his message. In the beginning paragraphs, King states what brought him to Birmingham and why he is justified in being there. In his argument he alludes to Apostle Paul, and provides dull factual operational information about the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. Even if the reader does not know who Paul is or care about the SCLC, he can still understand King’s message because of the epigrams he uses (Baldwin & Burrow, 111-118). In summing up what brought him here King says, â€Å"Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere†. In answering why he is justified in being in Birmingham, King says, â€Å"Anyone who lives in the United States can never be considered an outsider anywhere in the country† (King, 122-128). Now the reader knows through the use of epigrams that King was brought there because there is injustice in Birmingham and that he has a right to be in Birmingham because he is an American and Birmingham is an American City. Blacks are going through a really tough time during this Negro revolution in 1963 and Dr. King accentuates the point by the use of strong diction, which set the tone of the letter. For example, Dr. King elucidates the reason his people can't wait for their rights and that's because â€Å"hate-filled policemen curse, kick, brutalize, and even kill† his â€Å"black brothers and sisters† and that basically most white people torment them any chance they get. In the letter written by the clergyman they say (like it was something new), that they were now facing demonstrations led by outsiders (King). Religious appeals in King’s latter King wants them to know that he is not really an outsider but the president of The Southern Christian Leadership Conference with an affiliation in Birmingham. He wants to point out that he not only has organizational ties but also was invited to participate in the direct action program in Birmingham in support of desegregation. In the course of the letter, King uses philosophical, religious and historical examples to get his points across. In order to gain control of the reader Martin Luther King Jr. includes vivid images of cruel acts that African Americans in Birmingham endured. Concerning this unsettling time in society King could have described many of the immoral and unjust acts that he encountered on a daily basis. Instead he portrayed these situations by asking rhetorical questions about women, children and loved ones bringing the hardships Negroes faced into the lives of men of all cultures. It does not matter if you are black, if you are white, if you are Asian, if you are Hispanic, or if you are a mixture of any race, through King's words you could imagine yourself in any of the situations he describes. With the ability to touch the reader on not only a personal level, but also an intimate one Martin Luther King Jr. began to bridge the gap between the races (Jessica, 222-225). King consistently brought up the point of morality. Pointing out that certain things are moral and other things aren't. For example King talked about having two different drinking fountains or having blacks sit at the back of the bus, saying that it just wasn't morally right. And that morally right would be to have unity and brotherhood among all people. King tries to show the difference between just and unjust laws, it is because of these two terms that we can â€Å"advocate breaking some laws, and obeying others† (King, 122-128). Segregation in his eyes is and unjust law because it â€Å"disturbs the soul and damages the personality† (King, 122-128). These are both qualifications of an unjust law. Society today is filled with unjust laws. In many schools females are still prohibited from joining a football team, because the school believes they do not have what it takes. By not allowing this person to join the team they are taking away a part of her personality, a piece of who she is and denying her to express it. King also discusses another perspective of just and unjust laws. He explains that an unjust law is made up by a majority of people whom force a minority to follow this law; however the law is not â€Å"binding† on themselves. A just law is one that a majority makes and is also willing to follow themselves. Thus showing that is the only fair law is one that affects all citizens in an equally just way. King states how the Apostle Paul carried the gospel of Jesus Christ over the land, and thus compares himself to him. One way King addresses the eight clergymen and justifies his presence in Birmingham is by comparing himself to the Apostle Paul. He is trying to take the gospel of freedom over the land of America. This idea relates to peoples emotion because most people are religious and believe in God and Jesus Christ. By Comparing himself to the Apostle Paul strikes deep emotion in most people, and almost saying that he is trying to do the work of God by trying to achieve true freedom, this analogy is a great example of pathos and King's use of these appeals to the emotion through examples and figurative language (Carson, Holloran, Luker, Russell & King, 10-15). King uses pathos not just from the Bible but also by evolving ideas from World War II: â€Å"We should never forget that everything Adolf Hitler did in Germany was â€Å"legal† and everything the Hungarian freedom fighters did in Hungary was â€Å"illegal†. It was â€Å"illegal† to aid and comfort a Jew in Hitler's Germany. Even so, I am sure that, had I lived in Germany at the time, I would have aided and comforted my Jewish brothers. If today I lived in a Communist country where certain principles dear to the Christian faith are suppressed, I would openly advocate disobeying that country's antireligious laws† (King, 122-128). Here King refers to all the horrible laws that Hitler created in Germany before World War II. He cites how, â€Å"It was illegal† to aid and comfort a Jew in Hitler's Germany. He is using this example to compare Germany's laws against Jews to â€Å"separate but equal† law of the time against black people (Jessica, 222-225). Creating ethos is a way for a writer to gain the trust of the reader. It can be used to show the effectiveness of one's writing the writer's credibility. King illustrates this quality of ethos when he explains his professional titles: â€Å"I have the honor of serving as president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, an organization operating in every southern state, with headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia. We have some eighty-five affiliated organizations across the South, and one of them is the Alabama Christian movement for Human Rights. Frequently we share staff, educational, and financial resources with our affiliates† (King, 122-128). Here King shows his credibility by citing what his organization, the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, which is in every southern state, does (Baldwin & Burrow, 111-118). Furthermore, Martin Luther King explains to the clergymen in the letter that they have been misinformed on the situation and that not all is alright. King quotes the clergymen’s original letter which commended the Birmingham police for their great efforts in keeping order and preventing violence, King is quick to correct them that they would have not commended the police force if they viewed the gruesome violence which occurred that day firsthand. King concludes the paragraph with. â€Å"I cannot join you in your praise of the Birmingham police department† (King, 122-128). This statement comes off as a very bold statement to the clergymen after reading the details of the violence previously. Paragraph fourteen of King’s latter In paragraph fourteen he uses emotional reference when he says â€Å"when you have seen vicious mobs lynch your mothers and fathers at will and drown your sisters and brothers at whim† (King, 122-128), he doesn't call them Negro, so that the audience could relate to them. He wants them to know how a black man feels always feeling like nobody and being afraid. In the next nine paragraphs he describes in detail the difference between a just law and an unjust law. This time he uses religious leaders such as St Augustine, St Thomas Aquinas, Martin Buber and Paul Tillich as examples to get his idea across. He says that â€Å"a just law is a man made code that squares with the moral law or the law of God† (King, 122-128). In paragraph 23, he begins to criticize the white moderates â€Å"People who say they agree with segregation but do not want the Negro people to demonstrate because they don t want their lives disrupted† (King, 122-128). King says that these people are worst than the Ku Klux Klan and other people of ill will, because of their shallow understanding (King & King, 45-48). Lastly, King provides a very good insight for the uninformed in his letter from jail. King states that he wished that the clergymen had actually realized who the real heroes were that day. King had received a letter from a white man from Texas saying that he will reach his equal rights eventually but that maybe he is in too much of a religious hurry. King states that time are not the cure to all maladies, and that his people must use their time more effectively than the people of ill will. King seems to have a perfect response to all arguments thrown at him, but none appear to be flawed of course. There was no other way for the black community to get their point across because they were not being listened. There is no point in this letter where King incites violence, if anything he completely against it and will stop at nothing to ensure that there is no more violence (Leff & Utley, 8-9). Letter from Birmingham Jail† is one of the most touching pieces of writing. All of Kings Arguments are effective, particularly in paragraph fourteen. This letter at times can be hard to read because King gives real life examples of what it is actually like to be black and living in the 60s south. This letter sparks a realization, which people have never recognized before reading this, this latter showing the terrible and disgraceful treatment of the black community. Conclusion â€Å"A Letter from Birmingham Jail† was an opportunity for Martin Luther King Jr. o express to the public his views and the views of other African Americans throughout the South. The effects of King's experiences depicted by his use of language resulted in radical changes for African Americans throughout the nation. It was a bigger victory to sway the Alabama clergymen than to change the mind of a stubborn group of white males, because it proved that the typical southern white male is equal in every way shape and form to that of an African American. Martin Luther King Jr. Once said, â€Å"I have a dream† and dream he did.

Latin american relationships Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Latin american relationships - Essay Example The George W. Bush presidency brought a new type of foreign policy to the United States, no doubt tempered by the events of September 11, 2001. The if youre not with us, then youre against us temperament of this policy did not play well in Latin America. One nation after another elected leaders firmly dedicated to left leaning policies such as nationalization of key industries, direct welfare relief to the impoverished, and increased taxation on the wealthy. This skewing of national governments to the left side of the political spectrum has affected Latin Americas relations with the United States and the world as a whole. A mistake many on the outside make when looking at these left leaning leaders in Latin America is to fail to recognize the dual nature of this group. Castaneda argues that there are actually two separate groups of leftist leaders exercising power today in Latin America (3). One group has grown out of the old Communist and Bolshevik movements in the 1920s and 1930s. They have experience and have seen what has worked and failed in the past. This group, represented by Michelle Bachelet of Chile, Tabare Vazquez of Uruguay and to a lesser extent Luiz Inacio Lula de Silva of Brazil has moved to strengthen and uphold existing ties with the United States, the world at large and international organizations such as the International Monetary Fund. Lula welcomed president Bush on his visit to Brazil and expressed his determination to keep his economic initiatives within the bounds suggested by the IMF. Bachelet has remained close to the United States, despite his open opposition to the war in Iraq. A free trade agreement was signed by Bush and ratified by congress between the two countries, establishing mutually beneficial economic partnerships. In Uruguay, Vasquez has shown himself to support globalization and stood in league with the United States by protesting

Risk Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Risk Management - Case Study Example Risk management is the practice of managing the resources of the operation in such a way as to maintain an acceptable level of risk. This in turn should generate a corresponding level of return that will allow the goals of the operation and management to be achieved. The use of time, financial and other resources to effectively manage the risks so that goals can be achieved is the risk management. Risk management comprises of risk assessment and risk control. Assessing Risk is identifying and analyzing risk. Controlling Risk is taking steps to reduce risk, provide contingency, monitor improvements. Risk Management is important for ensuring that a computer project isn't scuppered, preventing accidental loss or disclosure of information, avoiding computer fraud, hacking, ensuring the smooth running of an information system and maintaining your career prospects. Sources of Risk: There are five main sources of risk in an operation: production risk, marketing risk, financial risk, legal risk and human resource risks. Production risks include yield and quality variability. Marketing risks include changes in the price and external conditions. Financial risks include variability in debt, equity capital and ability to meet cash demands. Legal risks include responsibilities for contracts, statutory compliance, tort liability and business structure. Human Resource risks include people management and estate transfer. Types of Risk: There are two types of risk that affect the volume of investment. The first is the entrepreneur's or borrower's risk which arises out of doubts in his own mind as to the probability of his actually earning the prospective yield for which he hopes. This is a real social cost, though susceptible to diminution by averaging as well as by an increased accuracy of foresight. If a man is venturing his own money, this is the only risk which is relevant. But when a system of borrowing and lending exists, which means the ranting of loans with a margin of real or personal security, a second type of risk is relevant which we may call the lender's risk. This may be due either to moral hazard, i.e. voluntary default or other means of escape, possibly lawful, from the fulfillment of the obligation or to the possible insufficiency of the margin of security, i.e. involuntary default due to the disappointment of expectation. This is a pure addition to the cost of investment which would not exist if the borrower and lender was the same person. Moreover, it involves in part a duplication of a proportion of the entrepreneur's risk, which is added twice to the pure rate of interest to give the minimum prospective yield which will induce the investment. For if a venture is a risky one, the borrower will require a wider margin between his expectation of yield and the rate of interest at which he will think it worth his while to borrow; whilst the very same reason will lead the lender to require a wider margin between what he charges and the pure rate of interest in order to induce him to lend (except where the borrower is so strong and wealthy that he is in a position to offer an exceptional margin of security). During a boom the popular estimation of the magnitude of both these risks, both borrower's risk and lender's risk, is apt to become unusually and imprudently low.From

Simulation in Nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Simulation in Nursing - Essay Example Based on these approaches, they state that simulation should entail techniques used to represent direct replication of the original object for purposes of detailed learning of the same object; for instance, the exposure of some vital parts which cannot otherwise be seen or studied using the real phenomenon (Larew, sessions, Spunt, Foster, & Covington, 2005). As Jha, & Bates (2001) note, simulation technique has made it easy for medical practitioners to acquire adequate hands on skills in providing adequate medical care to all patients seeking services. It has helped in building all round experts capable of handling various complications in the medical field with minimum errors compared to those made in the past. Extreme complications for instance excess hemorrhaging in mothers giving birth, occasionally resulting into deaths have been arrested. Minimizing perinatal hemorrhaging is the main agenda behind the introduction of simulation in medical education since it is the major source of death in delivering mothers (Adams, 1999; Alspach, 1995). This paper investigates the importance of simulations in obstetrics education aimed at minimizing prenatal hemorrhage, as well as analyzes the impacts of simulation and its benefits in obstetrics education. Introduction Excess hemorrhaging can cause death of mothers if not stopped soon after birth. Much blood is even lost in cases of caesarean deliveries where a c- section has to be cut as compared to cases of normal birth (Benner, 1984; Adams, 1999; Kahol K., 2009). There is, therefore, a great need for delivering mothers to be prevented from loosing a lot of blood during and after birth. It is estimated that about 140,000 deaths occur annually with 1 woman losing life every four minutes due to OB hemorrhage (American Association of Colleges of Nursing, 1998). Between 1995-1999 maternal mortality due to OB hemorrhage in the United States of America was 14%, leading to the second cause of death in the region, cardiomyopath y 21% (American Association of Colleges of Nursing, 2002). The majority of these deaths is however reported to be 93% preventable if care providers had been more vigilant, recognized the risk and symptom to intervene early (Benner, 1984; Seymour et al, 2002). This is actually in line with the WHO report in 2007 on OB hemorrhage which indicates that OB hemorrhage is one of the most preventable causes of maternal mortality. Driven by the dire need for immediate attention and response to such vital conditions, most institutions have resorted to using simulation techniques to train nurses and gynecologists in the field of obstetrics. Benner, Hooper-Kyriakidis, & Stannard (1999) point out that simulation education is currently becoming the most preferred mode of education and training in most institutions offering training for nurses and gynecologists. Different kinds of simulators have been identified for use by various institutions and training organizations. As a result, the chances o f survival among mothers giving birth have been increased over the last few years (Adams, 1999; Case, 1995).